Introduction to R Software

R is an open source statistical software. R software can be downloaded from the following official link: https://www.r-project.org/

Commonly Used GUIs for R Software

  1. R-Studio
  2. Deducer
  3. R-Commander

1. Data Types in R

R software includes numeric, character, and factor vector parameters.

2. Important Packages for Data Management

  • foreign package: Used to import datasets from other formats (SPSS, SAS, Stata, etc.).
  • xlsx / XLConnect: Used to read and manage Excel data sheets directly.
  • pastecs package: Useful for delivering descriptive statistics summary parameters.

3. Methods of Data Entry inside R Environment

Method A: Vector Entry

# R Code vector mapping example age = c(23, 43, 56, 12, 45, 19, 20)

Method B: Data Editor Prompt

# Initialize empty tracking factor limits age = c(0) data.entry(age) # Prompts interactive UI data grid input mapping

4. Basic Functions on Data Vector Streams

max(age) # Computes maximum vector value min(age) # Computes minimum vector value mean(age) # Computes arithmetic mean sd(age) # Computes sample standard deviation median(age) # Identifies sample median element